Poetry study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Experience As Choice free essay sample

We accept that there are things on the planet, however things are simply convictions about things in the worldâ€not certainties about things. In a talk of his, Alan Watts contends that the presence of things is established in speculation. He noticed that â€Å"in different dialects this comes out. In German, ‘ding,’ thing, and ‘denken,’ to think. In Latin, ‘re,’ thing, ‘reor,’ to think† (Watts, 1961) Without intellectually splitting the world, there would be just coherence. Just by intervention do things emerge. In the genuine, physical world, there is nothing to state about where one thing closes and another starts, and there is nobody to state it. As Watts says, â€Å"A thing is a think. It’s nearly a similar word. It’s a unit of thought similarly that an inch is a unit of direct measure, or a pound a unit of weight.† right away one might be confused to hear this; think this case clearly bogus. We will compose a custom paper test on Experience As Choice or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page One may address, â€Å"If there aren’t things, what am I, or a phone? Most likely we can distinguish these as things.† without a doubt the individual and the phone exist. The issue isn't of their reality in the physical world, however of their detachment from their environmental factors; from the remainder of the world. Furthermore, as language ways out of reasoning, it is feeling that makes us see the phone and individual as free substances. The Buddha states, â€Å"When the psyche is upset, the assortment of things is created, however when the brain is calmed, the variety of things disappears† (Carpa, 24) The environmental factors of a thing are what characterize the thing, and in this manner are associated with the thing as an imperative piece of it. Thinking about the phone and individual as substances encourages us to work; be that as it may, we become joined to the possibility of things naturally, without our definitions, having the property of being indepe ndent from the world. An issue with this, as Watts brings up, is that we figure things can exist without different things existing; on the off chance that one thing totally stopped to exist, for example, the moon, something else, for example, an individual on Earth, could proceed on existing. The individual needs the moon so as to remain that individual, as without the moon being a piece of the person’s reality, the individual would essentially be extraordinary. In the event that things are genuinely isolated, they have no real way to influence each other. On the off chance that an object’s presence has no impact on a being’s experience, at that point there is nothing the being can say about whether the article exists. While we can work while clutching our presumptions and acknowledgments, we will see that what we expect as obvious has no solid truth at all in the event that we adopt a legitimate strategy to exploring our suppositions. For having certain encounters, we receive convictions on reason. For instance, before finding out about deciduous trees, a kid may accept the conviction that trees without leaves are dead, can't be breathed life into back, and will fall and disintegrate inside only years. This conviction pretty much all trees emerges in the youngster in light of the fact that the kid has over and over observed trees lose their leaves and fall. What the youngster doesn’t acknowledge is that he has forced the standard that clarifies the practices of trees in past occasions and places on all figures that look like those underlying trees. Hence, his psychological build, or rule, will make him inaccurately foresee what befalls a torpid deciduous tree, and he will be left confounded , as though reality has been changed, when in truth just his standard was presented to be constrained to portraying a solitary encounter that he had. It is a component of endurance to accept certainties without any doubt; to make unbreakable guidelines about the real world. Nonetheless, receiving a standard methods barring the chance of something defying this norm from occurring; and as the main way that we can say that something is outlandish is by saying that it doesn’t accord with our standard, rules are round and don't guarantee us of what will occur, as change is constantly conceivable. While we may contend that there are solid widespread guidelines that can’t be broken, one can't contend contrary to those standards existing just in light of the fact that the affirmation of the principles makes the guidelines be valid. Regardless of how coherently evident principles might be to us, rationale exists of the brain, and subsequently so do the guidelines. In a discussi on with the Yaqui magician Don Juan, Carlos Castaneda represents the issue of realizing what is genuine past recognition and reason: Castaneda: â€Å"I truly felt I had lost my body, wear Juan.† Don Juan: â€Å"You did.† Castaneda: â€Å"You mean, I truly didn’t have a body?† Don Juan: â€Å"What do you think yourself?† Castaneda: â€Å"Well I don’t know. Everything I can let you know is the thing that I felt. Wear Juan: â€Å"That is everything that matters in reality†what you felt.† (Castaneda, 102) While it might appear to us that this physical the truth is concrete and unchangeable, it might be contended that the main explanation we feel along these lines about our world is on the grounds that we have not wandered further into rationale and demonstrating its reality. Similarly that things and rules exist of the psyche and can't be supposed to be concrete or inherently genuine, significance is simply a hallucination, and great is not any more an assessment. We feel that things make us cheerful or fulfilled in light of the fact that they naturally are acceptable and advance bliss; they cause fulfillment in us. Be that as it may, there is nothing to state that it isn’t our satisfaction that makes things great. The equivalent goes with significance. As wear Juan clarifies, â€Å"there is no chance to get for me to state that my demonstrations are a higher priority than yours, or that one thing is more fundamental than another, accordingly everything is equivalent and by being equivalent they are unimportant† (Castaneda, 82). In truth we can't state in the case of something is superior to another, in light of the fact that we can just say that we feel or accept that something is superior to another. The main information is that of convic tion. At last, qualities of things are picked. Past experience, nothing is intrinsically better than all else; things simply are. On the off chance that we state that medication is superior to slugs. One may expect the counterargument that it is self-evident, or sensible, that medication is superior to shots; as people who determine all joy on the establishment of living, it is plainly obvious that living is something worth being thankful for. Nonetheless, this contention doesn't counter, however in actuality bolsters the idea that things are just acceptable on the grounds that we trust them to be acceptable, and no more. Wear Juan remarks on the emotional idea of good and significance: â€Å"Your acts, just as the demonstrations of your kindred men when all is said in done, give off an impression of being imperative to you since you have figured out how to think they are important†¦. We figure out how to consider everything, and afterward we train our eyes to look as we consider the things we take a gander at. We see ourselves previously believing that we are significant. What's more, consequently we’ve got the chance to feel significant! In any case, at that point when a man figures out how to see, he understands that he can no longer consider what he takes a gander at, and on the off chance that he can't consider what he sees everything becomes unimportant† (Castaneda 81). While some contend that medication and recuperating are genuinely acceptable, they express that they are just acceptable from the human’s perspective; along these lines, they have no inherent goodness. By contending that they are acceptable and being a human, the alleged counter contention is essentially supporting the contention that things are just acceptable emotionally. It is feeling that makes something significant or great. We don’t understand that the main explanation that we accept that things are innately acceptable is on the grounds that we are continually accepting that we realize that these things are intrinsically acceptable. We don’t question since we are right. Be that as it may, the individual that accepts that recuperating is terrible inalienably, past the sentiment, is additionally right: There is nothing one can say about whether he is correct or wrong for his rationale, as he would just not be right for the accuser’s rationale. So assum ing great and underhandedness exist no place past the psyche, the feeling, what are acceptable and malicious? For wear Juan, â€Å"we may giggle, or cry, or celebrate, or be dismal or be glad. I for one don’t like to be tragic, so at whatever point I witness something that would customarily make me miserable, I basically move my eyes and see it as opposed to taking a gander at it† (Castaneda 83). The world is vacant: things simply occur. In the case of something makes us tragic or cheerful is our choice†we permit the world to influence us as we pick. Supporting this, we can say that obstinately distrusting that doubting isn't our decision is our decision, as in all actuality there are no grounds to which, so as to make it legitimate, we can relate the case that doubting that incredulity is a decision is definitely not a decision: One can't discredit the explanation that skepticism is a decision. Along these lines, on the off chance that an individual accepts that life is acceptable and passing terrible, at that point the individual in question is correct. On the off chance that an individual accepts that demise is acceptable and life terrible, at that point the person in question is correct. The main thing that issues is which reality causes one to feel best.

How to Stop Worrying When You Have Anxiety

How to Stop Worrying When You Have Anxiety Panic Disorder Symptoms Print How to Stop Worrying When You Have Anxiety By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on May 17, 2019 Russell Johnson / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions It’s normal to worry from time to time. Given life’s many unknowns and challenges, worry could be considered a very natural response to many situations. Chronic and all-consuming worry, though, can be troublesome and interfere with our ability to function freely and calmly in our daily lives. More importantly, it can make recovery from panic disorder or agoraphobia more difficult. In 1967, researchers Liebert and Morris suggested that anxiety has two main dimensions: Worry, which covers the ruminating or repetitive thoughts that are generally focused on potential failure or some other type of negative resultEmotionality, which refers to the excessive physiological arousal, such as sweating, heart racing, etc., that accompany states of anxiety. Other researchers have studied this two-dimensional model of anxiety and generally concur with the findings of Liebert and Morris, so it’s safe to say that worry is a main component of anxiety. Worry and Fear Worry can be normal and even beneficial in certain circumstances. If you’re worried about taking an upcoming exam, you may feel a sense of anxiety. Hopefully, this type of worry will motivate you to study harder. On the other hand, chronic worry tends to do the opposite, keeping you from doing what you need to do. Worry becomes a problem when it is chronic, consuming, and leads to anxious avoidance and inhibition. In other words, worry becomes fear. It distracts you from important matters, and it can inhibit action or problem-solving. Using the above example, lets say youre worried that you wont do well on an upcoming exam. Instead of the exam motivating you to study harder, though, your worry consumes your mind, you cant concentrate on the task at hand and you are unable to prepare properly for the test. Your fear of failure now becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Are Your Worrisome Thoughts a Problem? You may have a problem with worry if you: Consistently worry about future failures, dangers, or other types of negative outcomesRuminate, or repeat in your mind, the same worry or worriesTry to stop worrying by anxious avoidance of certain situationsBecome paralyzed with worry and are unable to focus on, or implement, constructive solutions to your problems. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

The Effect of Outside Powers on the Arab-Israeli Conflict...

The Effect of Outside Powers on the Arab-Israeli Conflict The tension in the Middle East is a constant problem; originating from both historical and religious claims to the area. It is strengthened, as both parties have convinced themselves that they are right, and are victims of the other side. Furthermore, it has been fuelled by the involvement of the Western powers, as well as the stubbornness of the Middle Eastern powers, not wanting to go the peace talks with the political incentive to resolve the problems at hand. As the Middle East is valuable for oil, and trading access (such as the Suez Canal), outside powers only seem to have their own interests at heart; since they are so dependant on†¦show more content†¦This led the Arabs to bitterness, as seemingly fair UN, had favoured another side; this bitterness resulted into hostile attacks against the Jews, spurring on the conflict in the Middle East. These fights were supported by Czechoslovakian help in armament for the Jews, and so hostility increased between the Israelis, and Arabs. During the war, the Jews gained Arab land, strengthening the Arabic resolve to keep fighting for what they thought of as theirs. Eventually, the land they took from the Arabs was more than was originally agreed in the Partition Plan. This made both sides more willing to fight, as the Jews were winning, due to the Czechs help and the Arabs wanting to regain their land. By 1949 the Jewish territory had grown to 77%, creating 700 000 refugees; who went to refugee camps set up by the UNRWA. However, these camps were crowded and bitter frustration, allowing the PLO to recruit most of its members here, again strengthening the conflict; becoming a breeding ground for later terrorist activity that would hinder peace. Conversely, it can be seen that wars have hindered the peace process. They may have been to help, but in the wrong way, as arming the countries, would strengthen their resolve to fight andShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of the US and USSR in the Palestinian-Isreaeli Conflict1018 Words   |  4 Pagesmovement of Jews immigrating to the Middle East to establish a homeland for all Jews in what was now Israel after being displaced for many years. This led to conflict between the Arabs and the Jews about who had rights to this homeland, with both the Arab Muslims and the Jewish Israelis having biblical claims to the cities in the Middle East. This conflict was further fuelled by both the USA and the USSR as they were trying to spread their sphere of influence by supplying aid in the form of weapons, ammunitionRead MoreEssay on Role of Geography in the Arab-Israeli Conflict1675 Words   |  7 Pages The lust for territory seems to be the real source of conflict, and until one group is satisfied, the appearance of religious conflict will exist in the Middle East. It seems as if the real truth needs to be portrayed to the rest of the world about the true reason for the Arab-Israeli conflict, which is geography and ultimately water. The lack of water stems from the Great Syrian Rift Zone, and causes damage to Israeli land which ultimately decreases the amount of water that flows into the RedRead MoreThe War of 1948 Essay examples1076 Words   |  5 Pagesand its Arab neighbors. The war began May 15, 1948 when units from the armies of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq invaded Israel launching a war that lasted until December 1948.# The war resulted in the defeat of the Arab forces and the success of Israel as a newly established state. It is evident that the Arab forces were not successful in the first Arab-Israeli war because the Arab army lacked motivation, education, and proper equipment.# Despite the support from Arab states outside of PalestineRead MoreThe Tale Of The Endless Conflict1699 Words   |  7 PagesEndless Conflict INTRODUCTION The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a sector of the Arab-Israeli conflict. At large, it is the result of misunderstandings and inactions. This conflict has been greatly influenced and altered by the opinions and movements made by outsiders, specifically international powers such as the United States. Those states have both helped and hurt the situation; moreover, the attempts of exterior mediation have ultimately furthered the extremes of both the Israelis and the PalestiniansRead MoreEssay on Israels Controversy1036 Words   |  5 Pagesaround it. Israel was created on November 29, 1947 by the United Nations in Resolution 181. Resolution 181, also known as the Partition Resolution, declared that the territory of Palestine would be divided into two separate states, one Jewish and one Arab, when the British Palestine mandate expired in May 1948. However, the city of Jerusalem was declared an independent city state, and would be protected by the United Nations (Creation of Israel). There are two main reasons why Israel is locatedRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Conflict And Arab Palestinian Conflict3221 Words   |  13 PagesThe  Arab–Israeli conflict  is the political and military conflict between the nation of Israel and specific Arab countries. The Arab–Israeli conflict began in the late 19th century as a result of the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism. The two sides have fought over land that both parties regard as their holy land. The Jews looked to reclaim the land promised to them by God after their escape from slavery in Egypt. The Arabs, who already resided on and owned the land, looked to maintain their ownershipRead MorePalestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker2441 Words   |  10 PagesPalestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker Name Institution Palestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker The Palestinian movie industry has significantly grown in the resent past despite the challenge they face with majority of the movies coming from different sources of film production. There lack adequate equipments that are used to produce the movies, and this poses a great challenge to the industry. Lack of funds to financeRead More The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay3354 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the most controversial conflicts in modern history. The expansion of Israel since 1947 is seen as the beginning of the conflict, although its origins go back to the end of the 19th century, when Jewish immigration to Palestine began to increase. Since the start of the conflict, several peace negotiations have been carried out, resulting in variable degrees of success. This essay will focus on how theorists of peace and conflict have analysedRead MorePalestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmakers2472 Words   |  10 Pages Palestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker Name Institution Palestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker The Palestinian movie industry has significantly grown in the resent past despite the challenge they face with majority of the movies coming from different sources of film production. There lack adequate equipments that are used to produce the movies, and this poses a great challenge to the industry. Lack of funds to finance theRead MoreThe Contributions Of The Cold War In The Middle East1507 Words   |  7 Pagesit’s in the Imperial period, the Cold War era, or the era of modern proxy conflict, Middle Eastern states have been willing customers of foreign arms. Foreign armament has been justified as an attempt to generate regional stability and facilitate the modernization of Middle Eastern states, but as the case of Saudi Arabia shows, can quickly lead to repressive acts. The first foreign contributions to Middle Eastern military power came with reform attempts during the Ottoman Empire. The mid to late 19th

The Impact of Imperialism on the Third World Essay

The Impact of Imperialism on the Third World The term imperialism carries with it many (perhaps rightfully attributed) negative connotations: slavery, subjugation, genocide, et cetera. Websters Unabridged Dictionary defines it as: The policyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ of seekingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the extension of the control, dominion, or empire of a nation, as by the acquirement of new, especially distant, territory or dependencies. Now one knows what it literally is and what it may entail, and thus, further inquiry into the subject of its good-ness or bad-ness may entail, from the perspective of the conquered. With what little example one might find in the 21st century of current applied imperialism, one must look to the†¦show more content†¦Perhaps the best example of post-colonial failures is with the nearly the entire continent of Africa. Josef Conrad, who wrote many stories involving the Dark Continent, wrote Everything here is repellent to me, upon his arrival in the Congo-the sights of colonized Africa had sickened him to the core, and the supposedly high-minded ideals of the European imperialists, especially his own King Leopold II were reflected in Kurtz, from Conrads most celebrated story, Heart of Darkness. (Along those same lines, the Francis Ford Coppola film loosely based upon that story, Apocalypse Now, did the same for the former French colony of Vietnam.) That was in the relatively tame days when the subjugated African nations had not been loosed upon themselves; since that time, several of those same nations have seen mass genocide and civil war follow in the wake of European withdraw. For the purposes of this essay, Rwanda will be used as an example: Tens of thousands were killed in the social revolution which began in 1959, and from there a gradual decline into anarchy began which reached its breaking point in 1994, when a Hutu regime killed 800,000 Rwandans in the space of 100 days. For centuries, it was a highly organized feudal kingdom, whereShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Imperialism On Th e Middle East, Africa, And Asia1287 Words   |  6 PagesImperialism is defined as a policy of extending a country s power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Countries during the Industrial Revolution wanted to imperialize due to social, political, and economic reasons. As early as the mid 1800’s, the European countries craved the idea of power and conquering new lands in order to obtain resources/raw materials. They took over Africa, the Ottoman Empire, India, and Southeast Asia due to this as well as for their convenient location. TheyRead MoreImperialism as a Source of Many Conflicts throughout History658 Words   |  3 PagesImperialism a source of most if not all conflicts throughout history. No matter the century or time period, the start of all wars, battles, and conflicts all draw their roots back to imperialism. Imperialism have had great impacts on nations and brought many changes to societies and their cultures. It has impacted on people lives and how they live. It has affected our societies to this day and shaped or helped create foundations for our countries and cultures that we have today. Imperialism beganRead MoreEssay about The Pros and Cons of Imperialism540 Words   |  3 Pagespolitical or cultural life is called as imperialism. Imperialism is often separated into two sects. The first one is old imperialism, which was the period from the 1500s to the 1800s, where European nation started to colonize many areas such as the Americas, and parts of Southeast Asia. On the other hand, the new imperialism was the period between the years â€Å"1870-1914†, where Europe became more focused on expanding their land into Asia and Africa. Imperialism had many pros and cons. In addition, itRead MoreThe Global Effects of Imperialism, World War I and the Great Depression1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Global Effects of Imperialism, World War I and the Great Depression Bentley first talked about cross-cultural interactions as a way to categorize the World’s history. He in addition wrote aboutRead MoreThe Global North/South Divide1724 Words   |  7 Pagesthe global north and the global south. The theory of the Global North and Global South is a new geopolitical perspective. It divides the world into two blocs – the industrialized countries of the global North and the poor countries of the South on the global level of analysis. While â€Å"Global South† is sometimes used as a synonym for the more familiar â€Å"third world† that term has fallen into disfavor. 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Of these international events from 1870-1945, the Age of Imperialism, World War I, and the Great Depression had worldwide impacts on economic and social issues. Imperialism in the late 19th century became a competition among European countries to take control of as many areas in Africa before the others did. For the most part, France, England, and Germany competedRead MoreNegative Effects Of Imperialism1139 Words   |  5 Pagesevents are talked about. That just shows what imperialism causes. Imperialism is when a dominant country seeks to increase their size and forces (either by war or diplomacy) a smaller country to submit to their rule. The Age of Imperialism began in the 1870s and went until World War 1. During this time imperialism was very prevalent and the events that took place during this time had lasting effects and still affect us to this day. While imperialism could be seen as beneficial, especially to theRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Journalism On A Global Scale1677 Words   |  7 PagesPower and democracy play an extremely large role in media industries as well as spatial, economic and political inequalities. To unders tand this concept cultural labour, indigenous media practises as well as impacts of neoliberalism will need to be addressed to establish the impact of intensifies market forces on journalism on a global scale. (Lechner, 2002) Neoliberalism is the political monetary standard of our time- it alludes to the approaches and techniques whereby a relative handful of privateRead MoreAnalysis Of Equity, Diversity And Inclusivity1130 Words   |  5 Pagesbrutal oppression of the Taliban. Thus, this is a reason why the campaign exclusively focuses on the gender-based oppression of â€Å"Third World† women, without acknowledging the role of racism, colonialism, and economic exploitation. It also claims unity with â€Å"Third World† women and women of color, but the campaign is actually contributing to the stereotyping of Third World cultures as â€Å"uncivilized,† which ends up justifying imperialist intervention. This can be related to the reading on Dilemmas of

Nonverbal Communication Is Important Free Essays

Communication is the exchange of information from a person to another or a group of people; this includes a sender transferring information, ideas or feelings to a receiver. There are two ways to communicate: verbal and nonverbal. Verbal is the way that people use to communicate everyday: talking. We will write a custom essay sample on Nonverbal Communication Is Important or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nonverbal communication does not use talking but involves body language, posture, gestures, eye contact, touch and physiological responses. Although people use verbal communication everyday, their nonverbal communication is more important than verbal. Nonverbal communication is a big benefit for business, because that is the important key when a business man can express himself; he can be confident when meeting a partner or clients. For example, the handshake is an important way to make a first impression. No matter the basis of the hand shake, it should become a part of repertoire. Handshake is a sign of trust and help build strong relationship. Imagine meeting a well – groomed, well – dress expert for the first time – but when you are shake his/her hand, you feel like you are grabbing an infant’s finger. â€Å"The important of nonverbal communication ten things your handshakes says about you†) When people meet someone with a strong handshake, they usually come up with some hypothesis like: that person is confident, serious and focused. On the contrary, a weak handshake will make people come up with some thinking like the person is weak in personality, uncertain or lacking in determination (â₠¬Å"The important of nonverbal communication ten things your handshake says about you†). When people have a strong handshake, their hands usually have a warm temperature. Temperature is one of many first impressions, too. When people meet someone with a warm hand, they will think that person is kindness and gracious. Handshakes is the most important in business, nobody want their partner to have a bad impression about them. So nonverbal communication is very important in business, without that, the business may not be develop and effect the economy of country. In the other hand, the role of nonverbal communication is very important in school environment. Sentence and Verbal Communication iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/sentence-and-verbal-communication/embed/#?secret=3w7OmdZn40" data-secret="3w7OmdZn40" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Sentence and Verbal Communication#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe In school, student from everywhere in the world with different cultures would like to hang out with their friend, that is social being and using different nonverbal communication can built or destroy a relationship of misunderstood action. A child first learns to communicate with those around him or her by using his or her nonverbal skills like pointing, clenching his fist, clapping his hands when excited, slapping away objects he does not want, being stubborn when he or she is sleepy, etc. Therefore,  those skills are more highly developed in the beginning than is his speech. By combining non-verbal and verbal when trying to reach the children you have a better chance to make connection (â€Å"the advantages and disadvantages of nonverbal communication in school†). With some student lack of ability to explain them, so the teacher can look at their facial expression or their action and can easily understand what they are cannot say through verbal communication. How to cite Nonverbal Communication Is Important, Papers

USING ELEMENTS OF HIP-HOP CULTURE AS A MEANS OF INCREASING STUDENT IN

USING ELEMENTS OF HIP-HOP CULTURE AS A MEANS OF INCREASING STUDENT INTEREST AND LEARNING AMERICAN GOVERNMENT USING ELEMENTS OF HIP-HOP CULTURE AS A MEANS OF INCREASING STUDENT INTEREST AND LEARNING AMERICAN GOVERNMENT By John H. Mayberry, Jr. For ED 7999: Terminal Masters Project Submitted to the Office for Graduate Studies, Graduate Division of Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Teaching 2004 MAJOR: SECONDARY SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION Approved by: ________________________ Dr. Bob Pettapiece Date CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT Introduction One of the myriad challenges that face conscientious educators is the need to get and keep the attention of their students. With all of the fast-paced, mind-grabbing activities that students have at their fingertips, the task of sitting in a classroom and listening to a teacher talk to them (or at them) about anything can be everything but interesting. Teachers may have become comfortable with the way they do things in their classrooms; their ways are easy to them, it does not require creativity, and it can be perceived as a threat to their role as the classroom authority and expert in subject matter to be asked to change. However, the methods that some educators use may not result in student learning and mastery of the subject matter. Educators, as professionals, must be willing to develop, emulate, and initiate new strategies if there is the possibility that the use of these strategies would lead to improved student learning. One strategy that has been found effective is using elements of popular culture in teaching social studies. By starting with and using cultural items with which students are familiar and can relate, student interest in studying the subject may increase, resulting in better performance in the classroom, and better feelings about studying social studies. The teacher must become familiar with the culture that the students are immersed in, whether it is music, television, fashions, or other elements of their culture. The teacher must also be willing to connect the students culture to the subject matter being studied. This presents a challenge as many teachers, because of the differences in age, usually do not identify with the same popular culture as students. Purpose of the Study There were two questions to this study. First, would studying American government through the means of Hip-Hop culture result in increased student interest in the subject matter? Secondly, would studying American government through the means of Hip-Hop culture result in improved student performance in the course? By taking a look at these two questions, it may be possible to determine if infusing elements of popular culture is an effective educational strategy for teaching social studies. Significance of the Study This study should be of interest to social studies educators. If we wish to understand our students and reach them, we should understand the world that they dwell in. By understanding hip-hop culture, as well as popular culture as a whole, we, as educators, might find and develop strategies and activities that will have a positive affect on students desire to study social studies and their understanding of social studies concepts and information Population The population of this study included 10th graders from two sections of an American government course in an urban high school. All of the students were African-American ages 14-16. There were twenty-nine students in the traditional class (3rd Hour) and 31 students in the non-traditional class (5th Hour). Summary This study will demonstrate two things: First, studying American Government through the means of hip-hop culture will result in an increased interest in studying American Government, and secondly, studying American Government by using hip-hop culture will result in improved student performance. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction This chapter contains a review of literature related to the concept of using elements of popular culture in teaching in general, and social studies in particular. Research The inclusion of popular culture forms into the educational realm has a long history and has been accepted as a legitimate teaching strategy, in some realms. For example, using elements of popular culture in educational films and videos has been a welcome reality for decades. Yet, research in the field of popular culture forms like dramatization, television commercials, and rock and rap videos, how it pervades the lives of young people, and how schools should respond, is